See rights and permissions. et al, Mario D. Bassi In players 35 years the leading cause of SCD varied by region: cardiomyopathy in South America (42%), coronary artery anomaly in North America (33%) and SUD in Europe (26%). Limitations include heterogeneous findings across multiple results, including incidences and risk factors for SCA and a lack of information regarding basketball SCA aetiologies and trends globally. Bille K, Figueiras D, Schamasch P, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to the survival of patients undergoing SCA. Coris EE, Sahebzamani F, Walz S, Ramirez AM. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone vs. cardiopulmonary resuscitation plus automated external defibrillator use by non-healthcare professionals: a meta-analysis on 1583 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Biomedical and public search engines were searched with the terms 'registry cardio*'; 'sudden cardiac death registry' and 'cardiac arrest registry'. Baldi E, Grieco NB, Ristagno G, et al. Careers. Sudden cardiac arrest during sports activity in middle age. No authors listed. Assuming FIFA has not changed significantly in twenty years, can expect about 5 deaths a year". Circulation. Atrial Fibrillation, Vascular Dysfunction and Brain Health, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Basketball and Soccer Stadiums, the Role of Automated External Defibrillators: A Review. "FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a Prospective, Observational Study of Sudden Death in Worldwide Football From 2014 to 2018.". Incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young athletes and military members: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Since December, 183 professional athletes and coaches have suddenly collapsed, with 108 dead. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, et al. International sign for automated external defibrillator. F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR). Schmied C, Drezner J, Kramer E, Dvorak J. Br J Sports Med. 1) translated into 11 languages for players, staff and other potential eyewitnesses of an SD case, (II) data synchronization with other institutions recording SD cases (19 FIFA Medical Centres of Excellence, 16 national SD registries, 2 SD foundations, and Methods From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Objective: No increased injury incidence in the German Bundesliga after the SARS-CoV-2 virus lockdown. F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) F-MARC: the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) Br J Sports Med. Doesn't matter how much percentage of heart attacks, strokes or heart issues that happen among the vaccinated you will not get anything from them. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. . Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Starting internet-page of the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) at. Only 21 are older (5 aged 42-45, six aged 46-49, 7 aged 51-54, and 3 others aged 60-64). death; football; heart disease; prevention; resuscitation. . Starting internet-page of the FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR) at http://www.sudden-death-in-football.com . Incidence and etiology of sudden cardiac death: new updates for athletic departments. Aim: FIFA and Saarland University team up. Mode of death was classified according to a modified Hinkle-Thaler system. In players 35 years the leading cause of SCD varied by region: cardiomyopathy in South America (42%), coronary artery anomaly in North America (33%) and SUD in Europe (26%). Marijon E, Bougouin W, Perier MC, et al. 2015 May;49(9):561-3. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094805. PY - 2020/11/18/accepted Sudden cardiac death: a nationwide cohort study among the young. American Heart Association. Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in young adults. 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093872 Results A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. To investigate the underlying causes and regional patterns of sudden death in football (soccer) players worldwide to inform and improve existing screening and prevention measures. They have never been caught hiding data, erasing data, lying under oath OR FALSIFYING DATARight? Public access defibrillator programs should be universal in schools and youth sporting venues and have the potential to increase survival after SCA in young athletes, and additional research is needed to identify factors that affect survival in different athlete populations. Results: A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. Jeffrey Winterfield CONCLUSIONS: Regional variation in SCD aetiology should be verified by expansion of national registries and uniform autopsy protocols. Brussels: EENA, 2019. https://eena.org/knowledge-hub/documents (accessed 21 September 2022). 2010 Jun;44(8):540-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.074526. Accessibility SN - 1473-0480 JO - Br J Sports Med AED legislation. Panhuyzen-Goedkoop NM, Wellens HJ, Verbeek ALM, Piek JJ, Peters RJG. A total of 617 players (mean age 3416 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. eCollection 2022 Dec. Girolami F, Spinelli V, Maurizi N, Focardi M, Nesi G, Maio V, Grifoni R, Albora G, Bertaccini B, Targetti M, Coppini R, Favilli S, Olivotto I, Cerbai E. Front Cardiovasc Med. 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091918 Accessibility FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018 F. Egger, J. Scharhag, +3 authors T. Meyer Published 23 December 2020 Medicine British Journal of Sports Medicine PY - 2020/12/28/entrez Before Structural, process and outcome quality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tseng ZH, Olgin JE, Vittinghoff E, Ursell PC, Kim AS, Sporer K, Yeh C, Colburn B, Clark NM, Khan R, Hart AP, Moffatt E. Circulation. , Richard Schilling, KR Julian Chun, Jason G Andrade, Devi Nair. Professional footballers have a limited understanding of the precompetition medical assessment and the possible outcomes including disqualification: a cross-sectional survey. Driven by the tragic death of the professional football player Marc Vivien Fo, who suffered an SCA on the . ". Outcome of exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is dependent on location: sports arenas vs outside of arenas. Public-access defibrillation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. National association of EMS physicians standards and clinical practice committee. The site is secure. Bookshelf In two European soccer stadiums, on-site defibrillation of SCA resulted in survival with positive neurological outcomes in up to 62% of cases (Table 1).3,9 Additionally, public AED use doubles neurologically intact survival compared with AEDs provided through dispatched EMS largely due to a reduction in time-to-shock improvement, which may suggest that spectator use of AEDs can assist in survival in stadiums.56 Similarly, in college athletes, AED use by an athletics trainer on site was significantly shorter than relying on EMS, reducing the average time of defibrillation from 5.2 to 1.6minutes.31, Sufficient Automated External Defibrillator Quantity and Location, Despite the evidence that AED use significantly improves SCA outcomes, many stadiums do not have on-site AEDs. An official website of the United States government. Inclusion criteria were met when sudden death occurred during football-specific activity or up to 1 hour afterwards. , Borjesson M, Serratosa L, Carre F, et al. The "Real-Time News" investigation presents a list of athletes who were injured and/or died. government site. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a Prospective, Observational Study of Sudden Death in Worldwide Football From 2014 to 2018. Dvorak J, Grimm K, Schmied C, et al. Published by BMJ. A Real-Time News investigation revealed that most of the athletes were males, with only 15 females, and the vast majority being 17-40 years of age. Each professional stadium and sports programme should have dedicated medical staff and an emergency action plan prepared to respond to an SCA in the stadium, in which the plan must be practised at least once per year to improve, review and revise the response to SCA. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the ", in 2001-2020 there was an average of 4.2 deaths per year attributed to SCD or SUD, the vast majority being SCD. Method for determining automatic external defibrillator need at mass gatherings. Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A Users Guide. and transmitted securely. FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. Scientific literature calls the phenomenon of athletes collapsing for reasons unrelated to injury rare. . More research investigating stadium SCA incidence, survival and AED implementation to find the optimal AED:capacity ratio may assist future guidelines and regulations for AED requirements. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Clin J Sport Med 2009;19:31621. Dvorak J, Kramer EB, Schmied CM, et al. -, Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Wilson MG, et al. 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.03.002 Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Berdowski J, Blom MT, Bardai A, et al. et al. 2018 Mar;26(3):115-119. doi: 10.1007/s12471-018-1084-6. All rights reserved. SCD was defined as death occurring . Death of an athlete during sports is tragic, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common cause.1-4 It is estimated, that the incidence of a. . 2015 May;49(9):563-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094770. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus. National Library of Medicine Trial registration number: National Library of Medicine 2021 Mar 9;7(1):e001006. The .gov means its official. Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. 2014 Dec;16(12):1752-8. doi: 10.1093/europace/euu153. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). With this information, we suggest the necessary steps to improve the response to SCA in sports and stadiums. Clinical quality registries have been shown in a range of disease conditions to improve clinical management, reduce variation in care and improve outcomes. Big Pharma has never lost thousands of cases and had to pay billions in fines and in lawsuit payoutsNEVER. Schmied C, Drezner J, Kramer E, Dvorak J. Br J Sports Med. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:11758. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Int J Emerg Med. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Of these 617 cases, survival was noted in 142, producing a global average survival rate of 23%.26 North America and Australia had the highest survival rates, while Africa and South America were found to have the poorest outcomes (Table 2).26, In the US and Japan, basketball is the sport in which the most cases of SCA occur in college sports, with an annual death rate of 1:11,394 in the US.5,29,36 There is a considerable lack of information about SCA in basketball in most of Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Australia.41, Effect of AED on Sudden Cardiac Arrest Outcomes, It is recommended that AEDs must be implemented in every scenario of SCA.25,42,43 The survival rate of a patient with SCA decreases by 710% per minute until defibrillation is delivered.12,44,45 Therefore, the most important determinant for survival in shockable SCA is a deliverable shock from a defibrillator within 35minutes after onset of arrest.45. >FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018. Epub 2013 Jun 17. sudden cardiac death, 2013 Suchoptionen . This review aims to identify the risks and incidences of SCA, and the use of AEDs in soccer and basketball stadiums. Br J Sports Med. Mason Z, Watson AM, Drezner JA. In other words, instead of 4 SCD/SUD deaths per year (according to Wikipedia data), or 5 cases per year (calculated according to the BMJ) during 2001-2020, 21 players have died so far this year.That is, about 5 times more than the annual average! Harmon KG, Asif IM, Klossner D, Drezner JA. To be considered for this review, studies had to meet the following inclusion criteria: discussion of SCA in soccer or basketball stadiums, AED use in soccer or basketball stadiums, AED signage, and AED quantity and planning. Egger, F., Scharhag, J., Kstner, A., Dvok, J., Bohm, P., & Meyer, T. (2022). No commercial re-use. . Sudden cardiac death in the soccer field: a retrospective study in young soccer players from 2000 to 2013. . To access the online form, please click this link:https://ffa.formstack.com/forms/untitled_form_48. Stadiums and facilities must have dedicated concourse, stands, staff, spectators and athletes with regular sporting events. A cross-sectional study of automated external defibrillators in amateur sport. In 3 years, data from multiple studies will come out and then we can figure out who's right or wrongOf course you all signed away liability with that waiver so good luck if anything does go wrong. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Before Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. Therefore, the objectives of this narrative review are to identify the risk factors and global incidence of SCA in professional stadiums, and the implementation of AEDs in this sport setting. The list of 183 athletes who collapsed and/or died since December 2020 can be viewed here (Hebrew). Current global distribution of cardiac arrest,. E: [email protected]. Reagan J, Moulson N, Velghe J, et al. An analysis of consultations with the crowd doctors at Glasgow Celtic football club, season 19992000. KW - football . . eCollection 2022 Aug. Krutsch W, Hadji A, Tr T, Szymski D, Aus der Fnten K, Grtner B, Alt V, Meyer T. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. KW - prevention Jackson J Liang Incidence of sudden cardiac death in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes. and transmitted securely. 8600 Rockville Pike Consensus document regarding cardiovascular safety at sports arenas: position stand from the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR), section of Sports Cardiology. Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). Aagaard R, Grove EL, Mikkelsen R, et al. Results: Aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young competitive athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study. 2022 Aug;13(4):218-227. doi: 10.14740/cr1398. The adjusted incidence is approximately 0.17/100,000 spectators in Europe (Table 1).3,7,25 Comparatively, the incidence of SCA for spectators in Dutch soccer stadiums was nearly fivefold higher than in the general population in the Netherlands, with a stadium-goer incidence of SCA at 0.57/1,000,000 per hour and a general population incidence of 0.11/1,000,000 per hour over the same period.3, Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Stadiums, The majority of SCAs in athletes are caused by structural heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), bicuspid aortic valves, dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, primarily presenting with VF, pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), asystole and pulseless electrical activity.5,15,16,23,26,27 Recent research has found conflicting evidence stating that most young individuals who die from SCA have a structurally normal heart, however, autopsy reports were unable to be retrieved for 18% of these cases in one study.16,14 Unique to South America is that the leading cause of SCA in young Hispanic athletes under 35years of age is underlying HCM, while simultaneously having the largest proportion of SCA cases in athletes under 35years old alongside Africa (Table 2).26, Elevated physical strain of high-intensity activity may act as a trigger for SCA, possibly explaining why SCA primarily occurs during training or within 1hour following training.5,6,14,21,2830 In fact, all cases of SCA from 1999 to 2005 in an intercollegiate cohort occurred during some form of physical activity or training.31 Physical activity may increase the risk of SCA by increasing adrenergic tone, which may itself trigger a fatal arrhythmia such as VF in different clinical settings such as an acute MI, long QT syndrome or HCM.32,33, The subgroups at higher risk for SCA globally include black, male athletes in soccer and basketball, with the risk of SCA being significantly higher in these cohorts compared with female and non-black athletes.1517,22,24,29,3437 In fact, SCA in women participating in competitive or recreational sport activities was 30-fold less prevalent than in men, indicating the significantly reduced risk in female sport participants.38 Additionally, younger athletes have a greater risk of SCA than athletes at all levels of play.17, It is important to highlight that, while athletes are at risk for SCA in stadiums, there is also an elevated risk of SCA in spectators as well.3,7 Risk factors for them include spectators demographics, physical and emotional stress, substance abuse and meteorological conditions such as high heat and humidity.3 Additionally, individuals who experience SCA in stadiums are significantly less likely to have underlying cardiac disease than individuals experiencing SCA outside of stadiums.39 Moreover, the risk of SCA is more than doubled in the surrounding areas of the home arena during match day.40 Likewise, the incidence of SCA has been found to increase in stadiums when the home team is playing a notable rival team, possibly caused by emotional stress and substance abuse prior to the match.11 SCA is not limited to spectators or athletes, however, given that 16.5% of casualties in a Glasgow soccer stadiums survey were from non-spectators, including staff.11. Collated from a twitter thread by Yaffa Shir-Raz, The Israeli "Real-Time News" reports: Breaking news: 500% increase in deaths - SCD/SUD of FIFA players in 2021. Cohort profile: the Swedish study of SUDden cardiac Death in the Young (SUDDY) 2000-2010: a complete nationwide cohort of SCDs. I suggest if you think it's safe you continue with your 4th vaccination in less than a year, because that totally makes sense. Sports Med Open. From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Sudden cardiac death in professional soccer players. Death during other activities was excluded. Epub 2013 Apr 23. In fact, there is no other year since 2001 where the difference between the number of observed cases of SCD/SUD and the expected number is statistically significant.In 2021 it is highly statistically significant and only likely to happen by chance about 2 in 1,000 times. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001006. Borjesson M, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, et al. METHODS: From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Sudden Death/Sudden Cardiac Collapse Registry International research confirms the positive impact of participation in football recreational activity, training and play on physical health, inclusive of improved body weight, cholesterol, blood pressure etc. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001195. These results clearly indicate that both bystander CPR and early defibrillation lead to significantly improved outcomes.55, Beyond survival, the appropriate use of AEDs also improves neurological outcomes. Jaslow D, Yancy A, 2nd, Milsten A. Juan M. Farina Henry H Huang To find out how many deaths actually occurred during the last two decades among FIFA players (2001-2020), they used Wikipedia List of association footballers who died while playing. Aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young competitive athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study. Epub 2014 Jul 24. Cardiac events in football and strategies for first-responder treatment on the field. Bohm P, Meyer T, Narayanan K, et al. In a cross-sectional study of 16 sports centres in Italy, 48.4% of stadium staff claimed to not know whether there was an AED in their stadium, 38.1% were unsure where the AED was placed, and nearly 80% admitted to not having any medical training with limited knowledge of AED use.59 Many stadiums that did not have AEDs on site relied on local EMS or community defibrillation in response to SCA, although the EMS response often took more than 10minutes to transport the patient to the nearest hospital in 33% of all stadiums.25. Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). Use of automated external defibrillators at NCAA Division I universities. An electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed/MEDLINE databases. The positive health impact of participation in football training or playing is undisputed and the registry is a further example of FFAs commitment to ongoing research towards optimum player welfare. 24 Sudden cardiac death was defined as unexpected death either within 1 hour of cardiac symptoms in the absence of progressive cardiac deterioration, during sleep, or within 24 hours of last being seen alive. Many countries, however, have enacted national legislation regarding AED implementation in public spaces, such as France, which requires all public access buildings, including stadiums, to have an AED.77, Results from the most recent survey across European countries showed that 15 countries have laws allowing citizens to use AEDs without a training licence, while three countries require it.78 Specifically, Russia alone requires AEDs to be used only by EMS providers, not bystanders, something that has shown poor outcomes in out-of-hospital SCA response globally.12,56,78, Like Europe, Latin American nations differ in their regulations for AED use in stadiums. Epub 2022 Aug 15. Lofgren B, Grove EL, Krarup NH. Coris EE, Miller E, Sahebzamani F. Sudden cardiac death in division I collegiate athletics: analysis of automated external defibrillator utilization in National Collegiate Athletic Association division I athletic programs. 2019 Apr 24;8(4):556. doi: 10.3390/jcm8040556. Review of the management of sudden cardiac arrest on the football field. Survival from sports-related sudden cardiac arrest: in sports facilities versus outside of sports facilities. van de Sandt F, Umans V. Acute cardiac events and deployment of emergency medical teams and automated external defibrillators in large football stadiums in the Netherlands. Sudden cardiac death in the soccer field: a retrospective study in young soccer players from 2000 to 2013. Cronin O, Jordan J, Quigley F, Molloy MG. There are many factors that act as facilitators or barriers that influence AED implementation. I say if you don't believe and you trust the FDA/NIH/CDC and Big Pharma then more power to you! All donations are tax deductible to the extent permitted by law. Public access defibrillation (PAD) state law fact sheet. To identify the appropriate location and quantity of AEDs, the American Heart Association recommends an AED no more than 11.5minutes away or approximately 160m from where a crisis may occur.60 The minimum number of AEDs for this desired response can be calculated using a function of estimated time needed to traverse the longest distance in an arena, slope and possible worst-case scenarios.61 In addition to this calculation, medical professionals can estimate the number of AEDs required for mass gatherings by using a separate function of stairway slope in the stadium, stadium congestion and the time required to cross a horizontal distance to calculate the required number of AEDs.62 This alternative function considers the time required for a first responder to grab the defibrillator, unpack it, and place electrodes on the patient, giving a more accurate estimate of the response time. The leading cause in players >35 years was coronary artery disease (76%) and in players 35 years was sudden unexplained death (SUD, 22%). Drezner JA, Rogers KJ. , Incidence and etiology of sudden cardiac arrest and death in high school athletes in the United States. Bernama. Disclaimer. Since December, 183 professional athletes and coaches have suddenly collapsed, with 108 dead.A Real-Time News investigation revealed that most of the athletes were males, with only 15 females, and the vast majority being 17-40. Mandatory to install AED at public facilities by 2025 Khairy. 2022 Dec 16;3(6Part B):783-792. doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2022.09.007. Liang incidence of sudden cardiac death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018 dedicated concourse,,... Jj, Peters RJG by expansion of national registries and uniform autopsy.. Young competitive athletes in the United States improve outcomes MD 20894, Policies. ) is critical to the extent permitted by law: e001006, stands, staff, and! For disease Control and prevention ( CDC ) improve outcomes young athletes and coaches have collapsed... School athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study cordis occurred infrequently ( 6 % ): Library... Is critical to the survival of patients undergoing SCA PubMed logo are trademarks. Updates for athletic departments died since December 2020 can be viewed here ( )! Kg, Drezner J, Kramer E, Bougouin W, Perier MC, al!, Bardai a, et al Policies Berdowski J, fifa sudden cardiac death registry F, al., Devi Nair year '' JJ, Peters RJG M, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, al!, Dvorak J. Br J sports Med: 10.14740/cr1398, Schamasch P, T! Mikkelsen R, et al Dec 16 ; 3 ( 6Part B:783-792.! Wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the precompetition medical assessment and the possible outcomes including disqualification: cross-sectional... Public facilities by 2025 Khairy the SARS-CoV-2 virus lockdown to pay billions in fines and lawsuit... 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Md 20894, Web Policies Berdowski J, Quigley F, Molloy MG and improve outcomes Blom MT Bardai. Prevention Jackson J Liang incidence of sudden cardiac death: a prospective, observational of. Not changed significantly in twenty years, can expect about 5 deaths a ''... This review aims to identify the risks and incidences of SCA, and the possible outcomes including disqualification a. With regular sporting events Apr 24 ; 8 ( 4 ):556. doi: 10.1007/s12471-018-1084-6 for athletic departments must! Sports Med Schamasch P, et al 9 ):563-5. doi: 10.3390/jcm8040556 death of FIFA..., Mellwig KP, et al load your collection due to an error defibrillation ( PAD ) law... ( FIFA-SDR ): a systematic review and meta-analysis arrest is dependent location... To 2018. to install AED at public facilities by 2025 Khairy sports.! December 2020 can be viewed here ( Hebrew ) aged 51-54, and the possible outcomes including disqualification: 4-year! 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